Azvudine hydrochloride (RO-0622) is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with strong antiviral effects against HIV, HBV, and HCV. It demonstrates highly potent inhibition of HIV-1 (EC50 ranging from 0.03 to 6.92 nM) and HIV-2 (EC50 ranging from 0.018 to 0.025 nM), and effectively inhibits NRTI-resistant viral strains.