The Biotechnology team at NPL provides expertise in an array of spectroscopic techniques, such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism (CD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques can be utilised to study the structure of proteins as structural changes can have a major impact on their activity, stability and toxicity, and consequently can compromise the efficacy and shelf life of products.